Q: Ideally, mature Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis should have which basic properties?

Answer:

Ideally, mature AVF should have the following characteristics to be safely punctured:

1. discernible vein margins,

2. flow greater than 600 mL/min,

3. vein diameter at least 0.6 cm and

4. should be located no more than 0.6 cm deep

Y. C. Kim, J. Y. Won, S. Y. Choi, H. K. Ko, K. H. Lee, Y. do Lee, B. C. Kang, S. J. Kim, 2009 Percutaneous treatment of central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients: long-term outcomes. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 32 2 271 278