Q: Which of the following antibiotic can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A) Demeclocycline (Tetracycline)
B) Cefepime
C) Vancomycin
D) Fluoroquinolone


Answer: A

Demeclocycline is known to cause a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, This makes it a treatment option for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The mechanism of action is though to be the  reduce responsiveness of the collecting tubule cells to ADH. 

The history in this regard is interesting. This side effect was reported in 1975 and three years later, a study showed  it to be more effective and better tolerated than lithium carbonate, which was the only available treatment at the time.


References:


1. Cherrill DA, Stote RM, Birge JR, Singer I (November 1975). "Demeclocycline treatment in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion". Annals of Internal Medicine. 83 (5): 654–6.

2. Goh KP (May 2004). "Management of hyponatremia". American Family Physician. 69 (10): 2387–94.