PCS

Q: Which of the following is more common in postconcussion syndrome (PCS)? - select one

A) noise sensitivity

B) visual sensitivity

Answer: A

Experts are divided into accepting the wide range of complaints after mild traumatic brain injury - as symptoms are vague, subjective, and common in the general population syndrome. Still, postconcussion syndrome (PCS) is the most commonly used term as there are no alternative explanations. Other suggested terms are "persisting symptoms after concussion" and "post-TBI syndrome.," 

The most common symptoms of PCS - in descending order, though not necessary - are 

• fatigue
• headache
• forgetfulness
• sleep disturbances
• anxiety
• irritability
• headaches
• dizziness
• noise sensitivity
• psychological complaints

Visual sensitivity is unlikely and, if present, needs thorough investigation to rule out other pathology or higher levels of TBI.

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References:

1. Bazarian JJ, Wong T, Harris M, et al. Epidemiology and predictors of post-concussive syndrome after minor head injury in an emergency population. Brain Inj 1999; 13:173.

2. Broshek DK, Pardini JE, Herring SA. Persisting symptoms after concussion: Time for a paradigm shift. PM R 2022; 14:1509.

3. Evans RW. Persistent post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, and whiplash injuries: the evidence for a non-traumatic basis with an historical review. Headache 2010; 50:716.

4. Paniak C, Reynolds S, Phillips K, et al. Patient complaints within 1 month of mild traumatic brain injury: a controlled study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2002; 17:319.