murmur: severe aortic stenosis

Q: Aortic stenosis murmur is best heard at upper ____________ sternal border? (select one)

A) Left

B) Right

Answer: Right

The five characteristics of Aortic stenosis(AS) murmur are:

• heard loudest at the upper right sternal border (at the 2nd right intercostal space).
• radiates to the carotid arteries bilaterally.
• increases with squatting
• decreases with standing
• louder during expiration

#cardiology

#physical-examination

References:

Das P, Pocock C, Chambers J. The patient with a systolic murmur: severe aortic stenosis may be missed during cardiovascular examination. QJM. 2000 Oct;93(10):685-8. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/93.10.685. PMID: 11029480.