Q: By default, athletes are supposed to have some degree of? (select one)
A) anemia
B) polycythemia
Answer: A
Contrary to popular belief, athletes are relatively prone to be anemic when compared with the same segment of general healthy non-athlete adults, unless they are abusing performance-enhancing agents. Some of the reasons behind this paradox is increased plasma volume in athletes causing dilutional anemia, exercise-induced inflammatory cytokines, and intravascular hemolysis, popularly known as "march" hemoglobinuria. Also, athletes are at higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia.
#hematology
References:
1. Dufaux B, Hoederath A, Streitberger I, et al. Serum ferritin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and iron in middle- and long-distance runners, elite rowers, and professional racing cyclists. Int J Sports Med 1981; 2:43.
2. Shaskey DJ, Green GA. Sports haematology. Sports Med 2000; 29:27.
3. Rudzki SJ, Hazard H, Collinson D. Gastrointestinal blood loss in triathletes: it's etiology and relationship to sports anaemia. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1995; 27:3.
4. Selby GB, Eichner ER. Endurance swimming, intravascular hemolysis, anemia, and iron depletion. New perspective on athlete's anemia. Am J Med 1986; 81:791.
5. Sawka MN, Convertino VA, Eichner ER, et al. Blood volume: importance and adaptations to exercise training, environmental stresses, and trauma/sickness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32:332.
6. Peeling P, Dawson B, Goodman C, et al. Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 103:381.
A) anemia
B) polycythemia
Answer: A
Contrary to popular belief, athletes are relatively prone to be anemic when compared with the same segment of general healthy non-athlete adults, unless they are abusing performance-enhancing agents. Some of the reasons behind this paradox is increased plasma volume in athletes causing dilutional anemia, exercise-induced inflammatory cytokines, and intravascular hemolysis, popularly known as "march" hemoglobinuria. Also, athletes are at higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia.
#hematology
References:
1. Dufaux B, Hoederath A, Streitberger I, et al. Serum ferritin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and iron in middle- and long-distance runners, elite rowers, and professional racing cyclists. Int J Sports Med 1981; 2:43.
2. Shaskey DJ, Green GA. Sports haematology. Sports Med 2000; 29:27.
3. Rudzki SJ, Hazard H, Collinson D. Gastrointestinal blood loss in triathletes: it's etiology and relationship to sports anaemia. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1995; 27:3.
4. Selby GB, Eichner ER. Endurance swimming, intravascular hemolysis, anemia, and iron depletion. New perspective on athlete's anemia. Am J Med 1986; 81:791.
5. Sawka MN, Convertino VA, Eichner ER, et al. Blood volume: importance and adaptations to exercise training, environmental stresses, and trauma/sickness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32:332.
6. Peeling P, Dawson B, Goodman C, et al. Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 103:381.
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