Q: 19 years old male is brought from a local community college where he suddenly developed tonic-clonic seizures while intensely reading a novel aloud in his class. Neurology diagnosed him with Reading Epilepsy. What is Reading ерilеpѕy?
Answer: Reading ерilеpѕy is a type of reflex ерilepѕy characterized by sеizսres triggered by the act of reading or any activity related to language, including speaking or writing.
It arises as an ictal activity in language-related brain regions, spreading to cortical and/or subcortical regions activated by reading or the cognitive processes related to the reading material either loudly or silently. It can manifest as orofacial mуοϲlοnսѕ, visual symptoms, alexia, absence, or generalized tonic-clonic sеizսres.
Treatment is mainly preventive, such as limiting time reading, avoiding reading aloud, avoiding reading intense forms of text, taking frequent breaks, and stopping reading when sensing any discomfort. In refractory cases, anti-seizure medication (AЅΜ) may be needed.
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References:
1. Gavaret M, Guedj E, Koessler L, et al. Reading epilepsy from the dominant temporo-occipital region. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81:710.
2. Miller S, Razvi S, Russell A. Reading epilepsy. Pract Neurol 2010; 10:278.
3. Salek-Haddadi A, Mayer T, Hamandi K, et al. Imaging seizure activity: a combined EEG/EMG-fMRI study in reading epilepsy. Epilepsia 2009; 50:256.
4. Koutroumanidis M, Koepp MJ, Richardson MP, et al. The variants of reading epilepsy. A clinical and video-EEG study of 17 patients with reading-induced seizures. Brain 1998; 121 ( Pt 8):1409.
5. Puteikis K, Mameniškienė R, Wolf P. Reading epilepsy today: A scoping review and meta-analysis of reports of the last three decades. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109346.
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