Answer: The indium scan is a procedure in which WBCs (neutrophils) are removed from the patient, tagged with the radioisotope Indium-111, and then injected back into the patient. The tagged leukocytes subsequently enhance areas of relatively new infection, where live neutrophils are still rapidly and actively localizing.
A gallium scan has an advantage over the indium scan because gallium binds to neutrophil membranes, even after neutrophil death. This makes gallium more broadly sensitive, allowing it to localize to other sources of fever, such as chronic infections and tumors.
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References:
1. Lewis SS, Cox GM, Stout JE. Clinical utility of indium 111-labeled white blood cell scintigraphy for evaluation of suspected infection. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 17;1(2):ofu089. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofu089. PMID: 25734155; PMCID: PMC4281781.
2. Merkel KD, Brown ML, Dewanjee MK, Fitzgerald RH Jr. Comparison of indium-labeled-leukocyte imaging with sequential technetium-gallium scanning in the diagnosis of low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985 Mar;67(3):465-76. PMID: 3919029.
3. Dittrich RP, De Jesus O. Gallium Scan. 2022 Dec 26. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 33620825.
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