BPaL and BPaLM

Q: In multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR)-TB, what do BPaL and BPaLM regimens mean?

Answer: Acronym of drug combination

BPaL

• bedaquiline (B)
• pretomanid (Pa), and 
• linezolid (L)

BPaLM

• bedaquiline (B)
• pretomanid (Pa), and 
• linezolid (L)
• moxifloxacin (M)  -  levofloxacin can be replaced for moxifloxacin -

Regimen is determined by the patient's drug susceptibility, compliance, and underlying comorbidities.

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References:

Elisa Vanino, Bianca Granozzi, Onno W. Akkerman, Marcela Munoz-Torrico, Fabrizio Palmieri, Barbara Seaworth, Simon Tiberi, Marina Tadolini, - Update of drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment guidelines: A turning point, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 130, Supplement 1, 2023, Pages S12-S15, ISSN 1201-9712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.013.