Sunday, December 28, 2025

Digoxin toxicity and risk factors

Q: Why in lean people, Digoxin loading should be either avoided or given with less intensity.

Answer:  The lean people with less skeletal mass have lower binding sites, and are prone to 'Dig. Toxicity at a lower level. It is distributed widely to skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, and other lean tissues, with a large volume of distribution. For the same reason, it cannot be dialysed.

Digoxin has a very narrow therapeutic index and should be administered with extreme caution, taking into account other clinical factors.  The following are important considerations while loading the digoxin.
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hypoxemia
  • Hypothyroidism 
  • Low muscle mass
  • Renal insufficiency

#cardiology
#pharmacology



References:

1. Crane AD, Militello M, Faulx MD. Digoxin is still useful, but is still causing toxicity. Cleve Clin J Med. 2024 Aug 1;91(8):489-499. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23105. PMID: 39089856.

2. Peters AE, Chiswell K, Hofmann P, Ambrosy A, Fudim M. Characteristics and Outcomes of Suspected Digoxin Toxicity and Immune Fab Treatment Over the Past Two Decades-2000-2020. Am J Cardiol. 2022 Nov 15;183:129-136. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.08.004. Epub 2022 Sep 9. PMID: 36089419; PMCID: PMC9588603.

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